An article on news.bbc.co.uk on Saturday talks about China had set new rules to restrict parents and doctors to have child-abortion for pursing boys. Reading and thinking about causes and aftermath of one-child policy on everyday life are always interesting to me. I am the first generation of Chinese single child, born in 1981, which was one year after the policy been officially released.
Now China is facing a serious side effect of One-Child policy, which might just be as bad as the overpopulated problem caused by 50’s propaganda “The more People, the stronger we are.” * Male population vs female in China is seriously imbalance. There are so many more men that it is not enough wives for everyone. It is estimated that by 2020, there will be 30 million more men than women in China.
Historically Chinese people desire to have boys more than girls. There are mainly two reasons. One non-practical reason is because many Chinese believe in only boys can continue the root of the family and they will ensure the same family names pass on to generations. The practical reason is people believe boys can make more money than girls. Certainly it is only true when a house hold is relied on farming and heavy duty labors. But as many places became more and more urbanized and many people migrate from rural towns and villages to bigger cities to make money, the only practical reason is not that practical anymore.
But as always the non-practical reasons are dominant factors, just like religion that doesn’t need much scientific reasoning but many people hold strong belief in. Actually long before urbanization, Chinese should have understand that boys made more money than girls were not true. How many times that sad story had repeat in movies and novels. The story of in the feudal society a poor family was dying for hunger or diseases, the youngest daughter was forced to be sold to pay off debt or in exchange of money. In “The Chinese in America” by Iris Chang, she narrates some women got sold by their family to become prostitute in America. Many of them had tragic life and tried to escape from prostitution; some of them entered into mainstream society either became popular and rich prostitutes, open their own prostitute houses, or married with Caucasian. For those women who came to US as wives, life in America changed their fate of an “ornamental being” in China. Many of them worked as seamstress, laundry-women or gardeners and some making same or more money than their husbands.
In the end, this idea of Chinese girls are subordinate beings seems to be a fabricated idea by a group of farmers sitting by their land and thinking about how their wives would have made them hot meals at home and give them sex at night. To be more precise the idea come from Confucianism. China is not a religious country as America. But many people see Confucianism as a religion and it’s influence on Chinese ethic and value is rather deep.
Women’s role was defined in Confucianism’s social relationship that women should be obedient to their husbands and give births. More fundamentally, Confucius also coined the hierarchy of four classes where farmer is the second of the four classes. The hierarchy is the scholar, the farmer, the craftsman, and the lowest of all is the merchant. So traditionally farmers were to received more social respect than merchant. But as economic structure changed in modern China, practically farmers are no longer a social dominant class.
Certainly this is an old topic and the bias exists everywhere, not just China. But when it coincides with one-child policy, things become more interesting and dramatic. Why? Because Chinese people never give up to find their ways to get around rules. Many couples would have abortion if they found out the wife had a girl, so that they can have another pregnancy until they have boy. Some other tactics people did was to take fertilized pill so that they can have multiple pregnancy. So in some town there is high percentage of twins.
Subsequently, in the most outstanding gender imbalance area according to BBC article, “There were 163.5 boys for every 100 girls aged up to four in the eastern city of Lianyungang”. Wives shortage is common in many cities and towns. In Hainan, men are spending years to find wives. And these bachelors have to cook and do all the housework by themselves instead of having women waiting on them.
So what are the possible future for China in a gender imbalance society with more male than female?
1. Men will be more involved in domestic work.
2. More violence on street between bachelors.
3. Perception of Gender in China become more neutral. According an interview of Chinese kindergarden teachers, with large percentage of boys, girls were imitating boys’ behavior. “One girl beats off four boys who try to have a look at what she was drawing.”
4. Homosexuality will increase and it will be more socially accepted.
5. Interracial marriage should be encouraged.
6. Polyandry marriage. This used to be a traditional marriage practice in Tibet and some other places. And it exists among other mammals when male are more than female. The advantage of Polyandry marriage is that it diminish birthrate of a society rather than increase. A woman can only have one birth in certain period of time. This might be a better solution than one-child policy for China. But since old China used to praise a husband had many wives as possession, I am afraid it will take some time for China to accept the idea.